Civic space refers to the ability of citizens to speak, gather, demonstrate and criticize authorities without fear.
In the DRC, several international organizations have repeatedly raised concerns about pressure faced by activists, journalists and opposition figures.
Such pressure does not always lead to immediate exile. It can create lasting fear, self-censorship or a gradual withdrawal from public life.
For some, Europe then becomes a place of protection and renewed speech.
Documenting civic space helps explain why political exile is not always born from a single event, but often from an accumulation of risks.
Source / reference: Amnesty International / Human Rights Watch